The edges of the soles and heels are trimmed and buffed to produce a smooth finish. This is a freehand operation, requiring high levels of skill and years of experience. To produce an attractive finish and to ensure that the edge is water-resistant, leather soles are then stained, polished, and waxed. Bunking adds decorative patterns to the sole using hand tools heated with an open flame, before a sock is fitted and the shoes are cleaned and polished in the shoe room.